Anatomy of a pew pewer Shirt
The Greco‐Arabic canoSome thousand years after the Egyptian medical papyri were written, medical schools had been established in Croton, Kos, Cnidus and Alexandria. At various times, Alcmaeon, Hippocrates, Herophilus, Erasistratus, Galen and Aretaeus studied and may also have taught at these schoolsAlcmaeon of Crotonlcmaeon of Croton was a pre‐Socratic physician and philosopher living in the latter half of the 6th century BCE. He has been described as the first truly experimental biologist and even as the ‘father of anatomy’ (Chalcidius, 1876). Although his books about medicine and natural sciences, including De Natura, are now lost, we know of his work through secondary and tertiary sources, principally Theophrastus (ca. 370–286 BCE, a pupil of Aristotle). De Natura is said to have influenced others, including Hippocrates, Herophilus, Plato and Galen. Alcmaeon …seems to have been the first practitioner of [nonhuman] anatomic dissection as a tool of intellectual inquiry… (Gross, 1995), although this is disputed (Mavrodi & Paraskevas, 2014).
Anatomy of a pew pewer Shirt
HippocratesHippocrates (ca. 460–370 BCE) is commonly regarded as the ‘father of (rational) medicine’ and the forefather of neurology. His principal methods of patient examination, inspection, palpation and auscultation, remain part of a modern clinical examination and he too recognised that a knowledge of anatomy was a fundamental part of clinical practice, since it was …the basis of medical discourse. He described the brain as being in two halves divided by a thin vertical membrane (as it was in other animals), supplied by two stout channels coming from the liver and spleen. He developed Alcmaeon’s ideas about the brain as the analyst or interpreter of the external world … It ought to be generally known that since the source of our pleasure, merriment and amusement, as of our grief, pain, anxiety and tears, is none other than the brain. It is especially the organ which enables us to think, see and hear… (Wickens, 2015). Hippocrates was aware that blood vessels started from the heart, but did not distinguish between arteries and veins. From his wide clinical experience, he recognised that compression caused tingling and pallor or lividity of the extremities and that a lesion of the carotid artery would evoke contralateral hemiplegia (for further reading, see Breitenfeld et al. 2014).
